I had no idea about LLVM(Low-Level Virtual Machine) until the day I installed Emscripten for learning asm.js and WebAssembly. Emscripten Compiler Frontend (emcc) uses Clang to convert C/C++ files to LLVM bitcode, and Fastcomp (Emscripten's Compiler Core — an LLVM backend) to compile the bitcode to JavaScript.
Go to the LLVM Download page In chrome dev tools (On my mac, ⌘+⌥+Jaka CMD+Option+J, make sure theElementstab is selected, andCMD+Fwithin the html source formacosx-apple-darwin`. As of writing this, I get a link to the following url http://llvm.org/releases/3.5.0/clang+llvm-3.5.0-macosx-apple-darwin.tar.xz. The latest version of Clang GUI is 1.1 on Mac Informer. It is a perfect match for IDE in the Developer Tools category. The app is developed by EliotisServices. Clang is released as part of regular LLVM releases. You can download the release versions from Clang is also provided in all major BSD or GNU/Linux distributions as part of their respective packaging systems. From Xcode 4.2, Clang is the default compiler for Mac OS X.
Clang: a C language family frontend for LLVM. The Clang project provides a language front-end and tooling infrastructure for languages in the C language family (C, C, Objective C/C, OpenCL, CUDA, and RenderScript) for the LLVM project. Both a GCC-compatible compiler driver (clang) and an MSVC-compatible compiler driver (clang-cl.exe) are provided. Clang-tools (clang-format, clang-query, clang-tidy) static binaries Download. Grab clang-tools static binaries for your platform from Releases tab! Motivation behind this repo. I use to contribute to different repositories and they often use different versions of clang-format.
Installing LLVM on Different Platforms
Windows
Get the pre-built binaries from LLVM download page.
After installing Clang for Windows, follow the Getting Started tutorial to compile a C file to LLVM bitcode file:
If you don't have a hex editor installed, you can view the bc file with wasmcodeexplorer online.
LLVM bitcode reminds me of the Java bytecode. We can use lli to run .bc files directly.
According to the tutorial, run the program as follows:
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However, where is lli? There is no pre-built binary available for download online except the source code. Therefore, we can download the LLVM source code and build it ourselves. The lli project is located at llvm-toolslli.
Build the source code with CMake:
Once the build is done, we can find lli.exe under llvm-buildbinDebug.
Raspbian
Install Clang:
Choose a Clang version:
Install LLVM
Can we run the bc file built with Clang for Windows on Raspbian? I got the following error message:
Not like Java bytecode, we cannot run one copy of LLVM bitcode directly on all platforms. But, we can compile the bc file to native code with Clang:
MacOS
Reason program for mac. Use Homebrew to Install LLVM:
Export the path to ~/.bashrc:
Compile hello.bc file on macOS:
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Emscripten vs. LLVM
The backend of Emscripten is called Fastcomp, which is Implemented as an LLVM backend. Its role is to convert the LLVM Intermediate Representation (IR) created by Clang (from C/C++) into JavaScript.
Assume we have a C/C++ library built with Clang, can we convert it directly to JavaScript file with Emscripten? I do hope so, but the fact is no.
Here is the reason:
The backend is still too new to be in the upstream LLVM repository. As such, builds from Linux distributions will not contain Fastcomp, and Emscripten will report an error if you try to use them.
Clang Format Download
We can compare the bc files that generated by emcc and Clang.
Download Clang Format For Windows
Because Emscripten has the gene of LLVM, Clang can compile the bc file built with emcc: